The cajón is a percussion instrument said to come from Peru, though its history might trace back to Africa, and its recent evolution comes from Spain. Similarly to handpans and steel tongue drums, it belongs to the idiophone family.
Originally a simple wooden box with a sound hole, played with hands while sitting on it, the addition of guitar strings or snare drums wires on the inside make some models versatile enough to nearly emulate a whole drum set.
A good overview of the cajón's history can be found here.